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Effects of Mowing and Fertilization on Biomass in Various Organs and Stoichiometric Characteristics in Stems and Leaves of Alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land
NIEZhaoxu, JIAChenxue, ZHUTiexia, LITao, ZHANGJiahui, NAJiale, ZHAORuozhuang, ZHANGQiuchi, GAOKai
Chin Agric Sci Bull ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19) : 163-171.
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Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
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Effects of Mowing and Fertilization on Biomass in Various Organs and Stoichiometric Characteristics in Stems and Leaves of Alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land
By measuring the stem and leaf biomass, as well as the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in alfalfa, the effects of mowing frequency (three and four cuts, designated as C3 and C4, respectively) and fertilization level [the N:P2O5:K₂O application rates (kg/hm2) were 0:0:0(CK), 8.775:22.5:37.5(F1), 17.55:45:75(F2), 26.325:67.5:112.5(F3), and 35:90:150(F4), respectively] on organ biomass and the C, N, P stoichiometric characteristics of stems and leaves in the Horqin Sandy Land were investigated. The goal was to provide theoretical support for implementing high-yield cultivation practices in this region. The results showed that mowing frequency and fertilization level significantly affected alfalfa biomass and the C, N, P contents and stoichiometric characteristics in various organs (P<0.05). Under the condition of three mowings, aboveground biomass initially increased and then decreased with increasing fertilization levels, reaching a maximum value (1825.50 g/m2) under the F2 treatment, which was significantly higher than that under CK, F3, and F4 treatments (P<0.05). Under the condition of four mowings, aboveground biomass exhibited a ‘bimodal’ pattern, with the F1 and F3 treatments performing best. The C, N, P contents and stoichiometric ratios in different organs varied significantly among treatments. The highest carbon contents in new leaves, old leaves, reproductive stems, and vegetative stems were observed under treatments C3F1, C3F4, C3F2, and C3F2, respectively; the highest nitrogen contents were found under treatments C3F3, C3F1, C3F2, and C3F2, respectively; and the highest phosphorus contents were recorded under treatments C3F3, C3F1, C4F3, and C4F2, respectively. Within each organ, N and P contents were positively correlated, while stoichiometric ratios were mainly inversely regulated by the corresponding element contents, with C:N and C:P ratios negatively correlated with N and P contents. Comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method indicated that among the ten treatments, C3F2 had the highest comprehensive evaluation value (0.78), demonstrating the best effect on total biomass accumulation and element uptake in alfalfa.
alfalfa / biomass / stoichiometric characteristics / mowing / fertilization
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The flow of 15N and 13C from storage compounds in organs remaining after defoliation (sources) to regrowing tissue (sinks), and 13C losses through root or shoot respiration were assessed by pulse-chase labeling during regrowth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) following shoot removal. A total of 73% of labeled C and 34% of labeled N were mobilized in source organs within 30 d. Although all of the 15N from source organs was recovered in the regrowing tissue, much of the 13C was lost, mainly as CO2 respired from the root (61%) or shoot (8%), and was found to a lesser extent in sink tissue (5%). After 3, 10, or 30 d of regrowth, 87, 66, and 52% of shoot N, respectively, was derived from source tissue storage compounds; the rest resulted from translocation of fixed N2. Overall results suggest that most shoot C was linked to photosynthetic activity rather than being derived from mobilization of stored C in source organs. Furthermore, isotopic analysis of different chemical fractions of plant tissue suggests that between 14 and 58% of the shoot C derived from source tissues was linked to the mobilization of N compounds, not carbohydrates.
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为从生态化学计量学角度区分武夷山正岩、半岩与洲茶三大茶区茶青的特征，在福建武夷山国家公园内开展研究，于2021年7月12—31日采集茶青和土壤样品，比较肉桂茶青碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量值和碳同位素自然丰度(δ<sup>13</sup>C)。结果表明：在秋季追肥前，正岩区茶青的N含量为24.81 g/kg，明显高于半岩区(22.26 g/kg)和洲茶区(22.31 g/kg)。正岩区茶青的δ<sup>13</sup>C为-29.79‰，明显低于半岩区(-29.09‰)和洲茶区(-28.50‰)。正岩区茶青N:P为16.04，明显高于半岩区的14.14和洲茶区的14.21。研究发现：（1）茶青N含量、N:P及δ<sup>13</sup>C可将正岩区肉桂与其余2个茶区的肉桂区分开；（2）正岩区肉桂生长慢，水分利用率低，生长受P元素限制；而另2个茶区肉桂生长快，水分利用率高且生长受N和P元素共同限制。这可能是3个茶区茶青品质存在差异的原因之一。
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余涵, 吴绍发, 蒋科毅, 等. 不同立地指数杉木人工林碳、氮、磷化学计量及养分重吸收特征[J]. 生态学报, 2025, 45(19):9606-9614.
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谢军, 徐春丽, 陈轩敬, 等. 不同施肥模式对玉米各器官碳氮累积和分配的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8):50-58.
以长期定位试验为依托,选取:1)不施肥(CK);2)农民习惯施肥(FP);3)推荐施肥(OP);4)有机肥氮替代100%化肥氮(OM);5)有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮(MF)5个处理,研究不同施肥模式对玉米植株及各器官碳氮含量、碳氮分配比例及C/N的影响,为西南紫色土地区合理施肥、作物增产提供科学依据。结果表明,与FP处理相比,MF处理显著增加了玉米植株生物量,达26.2%。相比OM和OP处理,MF处理显著增加玉米苞叶和根茬中碳浓度,分别增加5.4、4.2 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>和7.4、21.3 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>,同时增加玉米苞叶、根茬、穗轴和籽粒中的碳储量,玉米茎秆和籽粒中的氮储量也有增加。此外,相比FP处理,MF处理能显著增加玉米整株的碳储量和氮储量,达29.1%和16.9%。等氮水平下,MF、OP处理均能增加玉米苞叶和籽粒中碳同化物的分配比例,MF处理玉米籽粒中氮素的分配比例较OP和OM处理分别增加1.7%和3.6%,同时MF处理能使玉米维持较高的C/N。综上,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能增加玉米植株的生物量,同时提高玉米对氮素的吸收和碳素的累积,增加玉米籽粒中碳同化物和氮素的分配比例,同时,有机肥氮替代50%化肥氮能使玉米植株维持较高的C/N,有利于产量的形成,该施肥方式不仅能够促进氮素的高效利用,减少化肥的投入,还能够减少化肥损失,降低氮素损失引发的环境风险。
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陆姣云, 段兵红, 杨梅, 等. 植物叶片氮磷养分重吸收规律及其调控机制研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(4):178-188.
植物养分重吸收是植物组织或器官在衰老脱落前将部分养分(主要如氮、磷)转移到其他成活组织的过程,能延长养分在植物体内的存留时间,提高养分利用效率,减少植物对土壤养分的依赖,是植物适应环境的重要策略之一。本研究综述了土壤水分和肥力、光照、温度等环境因子和寿命、个体发育等遗传特性对植物叶片氮磷养分重吸收的影响。不同生活型或功能型的叶片养分重吸收不同;施肥会改变土壤速效养分的含量和比例,从而调控叶片养分重吸收;土壤水分通过调节土壤养分有效性而影响叶片养分重吸收;植物在生长过程中,不同时期对养分的需求有所差异,对养分的敏感程度和吸收能力也各不相同,从而表现出不同叶片养分重吸收特征;除了叶片之外,植物的其他组织器官(如,细茎、树木的芯材和能够储存养分的根)也可以进行养分重吸收。因此,植物叶片养分重吸收易受多种因素的影响,不同物种的重吸收能力存在差异,同一物种在不同时、空及相关因素变化下的重吸收特性也不同。深入研究植物养分重吸收规律和调控机制有助于进一步揭示植物的环境适应性,能为提高水肥管理水平,权衡生产力和适应性,实现系统生产和生态可持续发展提供理论依据。
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