To investigate the effects of soil nutrient balance on the growth, development, and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and to improve plant growth and leaf quality, this experiment set up five treatments, including conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + Englan microbial inoculant, conventional fertilization + soil conditioner + water-soluble trace and microelement fertilizer, conventional fertilization + Hailuo chitin, and conventional fertilization + “Kalimei” fertilizer. These were designated as CK, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The study assessed the effects of these treatments on flue-cured tobacco growth, agronomic and botanical traits, disease incidence, as well as post-curing indicators such as chemical composition, trace element content, and sensory quality of the tobacco leaves. Principal component analysis was conducted on the three indicators: agronomic traits, chemical composition, and trace element content. The results showed that there were no significant differences in growth periods among the treatments; however, treatment T3 exhibited the most optimal agronomic traits, with its field growth and maturity characteristics, along with those of treatments T4 and T5, significantly superior to those of treatments CK and T2. In terms of disease resistance, treatment T3 performed best. In terms of chemical composition, treatment T4 fell within the optimal range for chemical indicators such as potassium oxide, chlorine, starch, protein, and total nitrogen, demonstrating good chemical composition balance. Analysis of trace elements revealed that all treatments generally suffered from deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, silicon, and molybdenum. Principal component analysis indicated that the T3 treatment achieved the highest composite score for agronomic traits, the T4 treatment achieved the highest composite score for chemical composition, and the T5 treatment achieved the highest composite score for trace elements in tobacco leaves. This experiment demonstrates that treatment T3 (soil conditioner + water-soluble trace element fertilizer) promotes growth and enhances stress resistance, while treatment T4 (conch chitin) improves chemical quality. Together, these two treatments can serve as the core optimized fertilization scheme for the high-quality development of tobacco leaf raw materials in the Shuangjiang tobacco-growing area of Lincang.