科学知识图谱的概念和CiteSpace工具自引入国内学术界，就迅速得到了大量关注，相关文献犹如雨后春笋般见诸于国内各种情报学期刊。但我们通过阅读国内500多篇应用CiteSpace工具的论文，发现存在知识可视化工具“滥用”和“误用”的现象，这显示出学界对于该工具的方法论功能认识不足。本文从CiteSpace工具的设计理念、理论基础、使用流程和功能应用四个方面进行较为深入的阐释，以期国内学者能加深对该工具的理解，并能将其更有效地灵活应用于科学研究工作中。

为全面了解国内外关于菊粉的主要研究现状与研究热点,推测菊粉未来研究的发展趋势。该研究选取2013—2022年Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库英文文献、中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)数据库中文文献作为数据样本,利用CiteSpace可视化软件对所选数据的发表期刊、作者、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,同时增加关键词的聚类和突现词可视化分析,总结国内外菊粉研究的现状。结果表明,菊粉领域的研究受到越来越多的关注,发文量呈上升趋势。国内期刊和国外期刊发文量最多的分别是《食品工业科技》和LWT—Food Science and Technology。WOS核心合集数据库中发文量前10的作者中有6位是中国学者,CNKI数据库和WOS核心合集数据库中文献发文量前10的机构均包含中国科学院、江南大学和中国科学院大学;从WOS核心合集数据库来看多个国家对菊粉展开了研究,中国发文量最多(890篇),可见中国对菊粉研究作出了巨大贡献。不同作者和机构间虽有合作,但研究领域较为分散、合作还不够密切。CNKI数据库和WOS核心合集数据库关键词分析可以看出研究大多是以菊粉的益生元功效展开探索,并重视菊粉在食品领域的应用;突现词分析表明菊粉稳定性、协同作用、生物活性等是当下研究的热点。菊粉发展潜力巨大,在食品和医药领域的开发将成为未来研究的趋势,尤其是以菊粉为原料进行食品研发,同时将菊粉用于药物递送载体、药物稳定剂、疫苗佐剂等将成为未来研究的重点。整体而言,该研究为菊粉未来的研究与开发提供了数据支撑。

本研究以蝴蝶兰品种富乐夕阳为试材,研究树皮、椰壳等颗粒材料与水苔、泥炭的混合基质以及水溶肥和盆面缓释肥等施肥模式对蝴蝶兰生长发育的影响,以期筛选出替代或部分替代水苔的新型基质配比和最佳施肥方案。结果表明,椰壳与泥炭以1∶1体积比混合的基质,其栽培效果优于水苔,显著降低了生产成本,并且椰壳的可再生性强,生态环保,可以部分替代水苔在蝴蝶兰生产中应用;缓释肥对于蝴蝶兰生长发育具有明显的促进作用,搭配适宜浓度的速效水溶肥能够显著增强肥效。

The objective of this study was to determine the ideal moisture degree for the cryopreservation of Cattleya labiata Lindl. and Miltonia regnellii Rchb.f. orchid seeds. Orchid seeds were standardized in relation to the desired moisture degrees (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15%) and were subjected to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) for 24 h; then, the seeds were defrosted and analyzed. For both orchid species, the seeds that were immersed in liquid nitrogen with 4% moisture content had the highest viability percentage, averaging 95% and 68% of viable seeds for C. labiata and M. regnellii, respectively. The seeds with 12% and 15% moisture content had no viable seeds. For the fresh mass of seedlings, there was no significant difference between moisture content treatments for either species.

The blue palm (Bismarckia nobilis) is one of the most used ornamental palms in landscaping, due to its size and slightly bluish fan-shaped leaves. However, its propagation is carried out through seeds and the germination of these seeds is extremely low, in addition to the plant growth being considered slow. This work aimed to compare the use of pre-germination treatments to break dormancy and accelerate germination of B. nobilis seeds. The effect of mechanical scarification (sanding the region opposite the embryonic axis), thermal (immersion in water at 40 ºC, 60 ºC and 80 ºC for 5 min) and chemical (immersion in sulfuric acid 98% for 15; 30; 45 and 60 min), as well as its imbibition in solutions containing GA3 (gibberellic acid) at concentrations of 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 on germination and speed of germination of seeds of the species. The results showed that the pre-germination treatments of mechanical and thermal scarification presented the best results compared to the other treatments.

厘清我国社会工作实务领域的研究现状，总结研究热点，把握研究趋势，可为我国社会工作实务研究及其发展提供理论参考。采用文献可视化工具CiteSpace软件对1998—2023年1182篇社会工作实务领域的CSSCI核心文献进行分析，对该领域核心作者和研究机构的发文概况及合作程度进行梳理，并绘制关键词共现图谱、聚类图谱和突变词信息图。研究发现，一方面，我国社会工作实务研究呈现“大集中、小分散”的特点，核心作者群和研究团体对其具有重要的牵引导向作用，热点内容主要集中于社会工作实务实践、专业化建设、社会治理、价值伦理以及理论基础等五大模块，预测未来社会工作实务研究将继续在乡村振兴战略、生态环境关怀、社区治理共同体建构、政府购买服务及基层治理等方面发挥重要建树；另一方面，作者和机构的合作程度及多元化程度都有待提高，对创新技术应用于社会工作实务的融合研究还有待增加，与实务相关的政策研究仍待深化。

【目的】农林复合经营是解决当前资源枯竭、用地矛盾等问题的可持续土地管理模式,在我国继续推行农林复合经营有着重要的意义。分析该领域的研究热点,有助于明确研究现状,找准自身定位和方向,进而提高研究水平。【方法】基于Web of Science 数据库检索平台,应用CiteSpace科学引文分析方法和中国工程院ISS系统对检索到的全球农林复合经营领域研究文献进行全面梳理,并对该领域所涉及的主要研究技术、研究热点等进行分析。【结果】农林复合经营研究的热度随地区的经济水平提高而增加;全球研究主要热词为系统、经营管理、多样性保护和林分生长;农林复合经营的研究前沿为培育研究、多样性研究、空间分布研究、能量流动研究和生物多样性保护等方面。【结论】我国农林复合经营的研究应增进广泛的国际合作,促进全球化的宏观研究;运用低成本、低破坏手段获取高精度林分结构参数,全面理解植物之间的作用机制和化感等互作效应将是未来研究的挑战和机遇;农林复合系统在中国有着广阔的发展前景,必将为缓解全球气候变化做出应有的贡献。

以大花蕙兰大花品种金门和小花品种红祖为材料,研究了不同EC值营养液对大花蕙兰生长及开花的影响。结果表明:大花品种金门以营养液EC值为1.4～2.8 mS/cm时植株生长发育较好,开花品质最佳,其中EC值为2.1 mS/cm时效果最好,平均单株花箭数为6.15枝,平均花箭长度达到60.28 cm,平均单枝小花数达到13.04朵;小花品种红祖以营养液EC值为0.7～1.4 mS/cm时植株生长发育较好,开花品质最佳,其中EC值为1.4 mS/cm时效果最好,平均单株花箭数为4.32枝,平均花箭长度达到45.91 cm,平均单枝小花数达到17.89朵。 

\n Experiments were conducted during two different time periods to determine if hybrid phalaenopsis orchid (\n Phalaenopsis\n spp.) liners accumulate silicon (Si) and if this element can affect liner growth. A total of 800 liners were evaluated and Si fertilization was performed by applying potassium silicate (KSiO\n 3\n ) as a drench with three treatments (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% v/v) and a control (water, no Si fertilization). The application of KSiO\n 3\n affected overall growth of phalaenopsis orchid liners, where Si content of the plant ranged from 0.5% to 1.7%. Overall, Si applied at 0.5% and 1.0% increased fresh weight and dry weight (DW) and at 1.0% Si significantly increased DW of root, shoot, and whole plant over the control. Increases in DW ranged from 27% up to 118%. Results from the second experiment were similar. Other plant parameters evaluated such as leaf number and size, root number, and length were unaffected by Si application. Although leaves of phalaenopsis orchid liners treated with Si appeared darker green when compared with the control, no significant differences were observed in chlorophyll content of leaves. Reduced growth was observed when 2.0% Si was applied affecting Si tissue concentrations and substrate electric conductivity. The data obtained from this study indicate that hybrid phalaenopsis orchid liners are Si accumulators and that this element influences their growth. Further studies are warranted to address the long-term effects of Si fertilization on the complete life cycle of hybrid phalaenopsis orchids.\n

Oncidium are grown worldwide and play important economic roles. The objective of this study was to investigate the pseudobulb growth and flowering characteristics of the two Oncidesa Gower Ramsey cultivars, ‘Honey Angel (HA)’ and ‘Golden Star (GS)’, cultivated under 3 kinds of fertilizer treatments in response to 40% light intensity (LI-40) and 30% light intensity (LI-30, as control) photosynthetic photon flux density over a 5-month period. The conventional-fertilizer (CF) treatment, as a control, consisted of a liquid manure solution of N:K = 1:1.12, mixed with 7.8% N, 0.8% P2O5, 0.3% K2O, and 57.3% of organic matter that was foliage-applied to plants twice weekly. The stage-fertilizer (SF) treatment consisted of N:P:K = 1:1:5 foliage-applied to plants in an unsheathing pseudobulb stage until reaching inflorescence, followed by N:P:K = 1:1:1 application until the end of the experiment. The fortnight-fertilizer (FF) treatment consisted of N:P:K = 1:1:5 and N:P:K = 1:1:1 with interval-rotate foliage-application to plants weekly until the end of the experiment. Pseudobulb length (PL), pseudobulb major axis (PW), and pseudobulb minor axis (PT), and inflorescence length (FL), number of pedicel (FB), and floret numbers (FN) per plant were recorded and calculated from two months after pseudobulb maturity until the end of the five-month experimental period. The GS variety significantly increased PL when treated with CF and FF compared to HA, and GS treated with CF under LI-30 exhibited the longest PL at 81.65 mm. PW increased as LI increased under FF treatment, and the largest PW was observed in GS treated with FF under LI-40. A maximal and significant increase in PT occurred in LI-40 compared to LI-30 under the CF treatment. GS had a significantly higher FL compared to HA treated with CF, and the longest FL was detected in GS under LI-30. HA had a significantly higher FB and FN under LI-40 than under LI-30, and the highest number of FB and FN in HA occurred when it was treated with CF and SF, respectively. Precision management of fertilization treatments in response to LI can maximize pseudobulb growth, development, and flowering quality in Oncidesa species.

Effects of different nutrient media, vitamins and peptone on in vitro asymbiotic seed germination of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. were studied. In vitro developed rhizomes were used to determine the influence of cytokinins on growth and morphogenesis. Seed germination and survival rate of protocorms were highest in MS medium compared to other basal media. The protocorms raised through seed germination directly proliferated into rhizomes in later phase of growth and development. Nodal portions of rhizomes further exhibited growth through formation of direct and callus mediated protocorm like bodies. In general, three types of rhizome movements were noticed; viz. positively geotropic, negatively geotropic and diagravitropic movements. In the PGR free control and in the presence of NAA alone rhizomes exhibited positively geotropic movements. On the contrary, presence of cytokinin either alone or in combination with NAA exhibited diagravitropic movements. Application of TDZ completely suppressed the positively geotropic movement and enhanced the frequency of negatively geotropic movement of rhizomes followed by shoot bud formation. BAP was most effective cytokinin for large scale rhizome mediated multiplication of Geodorum densiflorum and TDZ could be effectively employed for rapid leafy shoot regeneration.\r\nPlant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(1): 65-75, 2020 (June)

\n Sphagnum moss has been used as the major substrate for cultivating\n Phalaenopsis\n spp. in China, Japan, and Taiwan. With a lengthened duration of cultivation, the pH of the moss gradually declines. It is not understood what causes this decline in substrate pH. Using the vegetatively propagated\n Phal\n. Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’, this study investigated if substrate, fertilization, light, and plant roots could be the cause of pH decline in the substrate. The results showed that, although increasing fertilizer concentration resulted in a low initial pH (pH measured by the pour-through technique at first fertilization), fertilization itself was not the primary cause of the long-term pH decline. Regardless of whether the sphagnum moss was fertilized, the pH of the substrate without plants increased as time progressed, whereas the pH of the substrate in which living\n Phalaenopsis\n plants were growing declined with time. Although the magnitude and course of pH decline were different in various substrates, the pH of sphagnum moss, artificial textile fiber, and pine bark substrates in which living plants were growing declined with time. Whether the substrate was exposed to light (clear pots) or not (opaque pots) had no effect on substrate pH, indicating that algae were not a factor in pH decline. Therefore, the roots of\n Phalaenopsis\n may be the major contributor to substrate pH decline during production.\n

We have achieved the symbiotic cultivation of an apparently achlorophyllous orchid, Epipogium roseum Lindl., with a mycorrhizal fungus isolated from an underground organ of this orchid. Although the seed germination rate was extremely low, subsequent growth from protocorm to flowering was induced in a medium containing volcanic soils and sawdust. Stolons elongated from each protocorm, and rhizomes were formed at certain intervals on the stolons. Some of the rhizomes developed into a coralloid form, and tubers were formed from the coralloid rhizomes. The coralloid rhizomes degenerated concurrently with maturation of the tubers. Six months after seed sowing, around 80 tubers were produced from a single protocorm. An inflorescence appeared from each of the large tubers, and the process to flowering was observed in one of these. Consequently, the developmental processes from seed to flowering in E. roseum was clearly revealed in this study.

\n Growers realize the importance of nitrogen (N) on the vegetative growth of phalaenopsis orchids (hybrids of\n Phalaenopsis\n sp.), but often overlook its influence on reproductive growth. Low N may result in slow plant growth, pale-green leaves, abscission of lower leaves, and few flowers in phalaenopsis. Increasing N concentration up to 200 mg·L\n −1\n promotes leaf growth and increases flower count. High N concentration promotes lateral branching on the flowering stalk, thereby greatly increasing the total flower count and elevating the commercial value. It is important that N be continually applied during the forcing period for best flowering performance, particularly for those that had undergone international shipping. For the vegetative phalaenopsis plants that are induced to flower without being shipped internationally, the N that is already in the plant before spiking provides 43% and the N being absorbed by roots after cooling provides 57% of the total N in the inflorescence at time of visible bud. When insufficiently fertilized or no fertilization is applied during the forcing period, more of the existing N in a plant is mobilized for inflorescence development. Phalaenopsis roots can take up all three forms of N [i.e., nitrate (NO\n 3\n -N), ammonium (NH\n 4\n -N), and urea] directly. In two studies, phalaenopsis plants were supplied with the same amount of total N but with varying NO\n 3\n -N from 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, to 0% (a common N concentration was achieved by the substitution of the respective balance with NH\n 4\n -N). Plants were smaller when receiving 75% or 100% NH\n 4\n -N with a tendency of decreasing top leaf width and whole-plant leaf spread as NO\n 3\n -N decreased from 100% to 0%. Spiking was delayed and spiking rate decreased when plants were grown in sphagnum moss, but not a bark mix, and received more than 50% of the N in NH\n 4\n -N. As the ratio between NO\n 3\n -N and NH\n 4\n -N increased, flowers became increasingly larger. The negative effects of low ratios of NO\n 3\n -N to NH\n 4\n -N were more severe in the second flowering cycle. When supplied with 50% or more NH\n 4\n -N, the absorption of cations by phalaenopsis roots declined, with reduced concentrations of calcium and magnesium in plants, while symptoms of ammonium toxicity appeared, including growth retardation, chlorotic leaves, and necrotic roots. In conclusion, adequate N and its continual supply during both vegetative and reproductive stages are recommended for the best growth and flowering of phalaenopsis. Since phalaenopsis plants prefer N in the NO\n 3\n -N form, it is suggested that growers choose and apply a fertilizer with nitrate as the major N source.\n

Slow/controlled-release fertilizers (SRFs/CRFs) occupy a critical position in agricultural advancement, enhancing productivity and sustainability by regulating nutrient release, improving fertilizer efficiency, reducing pollution, and promoting lasting agricultural progress. To attain an in-depth understanding of the current landscape, hotspots, and development trends in SRF/CRF research, this study employed the Bibliometrix toolkit in R, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace for the statistical and graphical analysis of pertinent literature in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from 1990 to 2023. In this study, several dimensions were evaluated to assess the research scope and impact, including the quantity of published articles, authorship, citation frequency, keywords, institutional affiliations, publication journals, and source countries. The results indicate a significant increase in scholarly publications related to SRFs/CRFs from 1990 to 2023, totaling 1676 published papers across 77 subject categories. Research activities spanned 69 countries/regions, with China and the USA leading contributions. A total of 1691 research institutions published on SRFs/CRFs, with the University of Florida, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China’s Shandong Agricultural University being preeminent. HortScience, Science of the Total Environment, and Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis were the top three journals. Keyword co-occurrence and burst analysis disclosed that current research primarily focuses on several key areas: nitrogen (N) use efficiency, the processes of nitrification and denitrification, degradation, the use of phosphate (P) fertilizers, urea, and factors affecting crop growth and quality. The findings revealed several critical areas and trends within the sphere of SRFs/CRFs, with future research specifically directed towards developing cost-effective, efficacious, and environmentally friendly alternatives. Furthermore, future progress will concentrate on addressing the enduring environmental ramifications of SRF/CRF utilization.