The ultimate decision factor of the "three agriculture" problems is the person, so it being an important task at present or quite long period from now that improving farmer’s science and technology cultural quality. In the light of the ideas, this article expounded the necessary of improving farmer’s techno-culture quality and training modern farmers in new century from the development of modern agricultural science and technology, the modernization of agriculture, exported agriculture and the status of farmer-self quality. Four countermeasures and proposals were brought up pointing to the problem of improving farmer’s science and technology culture quality: First is to conduct the operation plan of farmer fully educating and training so as to improve science and technology culture quality; the second being the combination of the government setting up school, the position training of enterprises and farmer-self spontaneous attending school; the third opening and developing the demonstration program contents of agricultural science and technology to make use of the way of participate training; the last to improve the proportion of agricultural science and technological skills of physical labor persons in rural areas and the science and technology quality of agriculture technique demonstration person in basic region.