Endophytic diazotrophs is the microorganisms colonizing and fixing nitrogen within plants. These microorganisms have been found that they may function as bio-control and plant growth -promoting agents. The study on Endophytic diazotrophs was started in 1980s. Up to today, multiple Endophytic diazotrophs have been isolated from various crops such as sugarcane, rice. The review expounds the research progress in Endophytic diazotrophs. The physiological and biological characters, infection way, dissemination path, nitrogen-fixation mechanism of several Endophytic diazotrophs including Acetobater diazotrophicus are explicated. The possibility, significance and existing problems in Endophytic diazotroph application are also discussed.
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