Abbreviation (ISO4): Chin Agric Sci Bull
Editor in chief: Yulong YIN
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin >
Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Fruit Yield and Quality of Citrus grandis var. longanyou
Received date: 2018-12-16
Request revised date: 2019-03-18
Online published: 2020-03-19
Supported by
(2014BAD16B0102-I)
Copyright
12-year-old Longanyou was used in this experiment as the material, the effects of different fertilization treatments on fruit yield and quality and the correlation between fruit color and luster and inherent quality were analyzed by measuring fruit yield, single fruit weight, fruit color and luster, fruit firmness and inherent quality. The results showed that (1) in 2017, the per plant yield of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 60.10%, 19.11% and 46.17%, respectively, compared with that of 2016, while the per plant yield of T4 decreased by 30.38%, and T2 had the highest per plant yield in both 2016 and 2017 (95.40 kg/plant and 113.63 kg/plant), indicating that fertilization had obvious effect on per plant yield; (2) the effect of fertilization on the color luster of pericarp was not significant, but the color of pulp was significantly affected, the pulp color of each fertilization treatment was orange red, and the color of T2 was darker than that of other treatments, while the color of CK was yellowish green; (3) fertilization significantly affected the pericarp, cysts and flesh firmness of Longanyou, especially on the fruit firmness of upper and lower layers of T2; (4) the content of invert sugar, total sugar, sugar acid ratio and vitamin C all reached the highest in the upper layer fruits of T2, the total soluble solids (13.07% and 13.07%) and solid acid ratio of T3 were the highest, and the content of titratable acidity in both T2 and T3 was relatively low, showing that T2 and T3 were beneficial to improve the inherent quality of fruit; (5) according to the analysis of the correlation between fruit color and fruit quality, it was found that each index of fruit color was closely related with the content of fructose. In conclusion, the amount of sugar may affect the fruit color of Longanyou.
Li Rongfei , Wang Mingming , Yang Yi , Chang Yaodong , Zhang Kangping , Liang Guolu , Lu Zhiming , Hu Tao , Yi Youwen , Su Lirong , Guo Qigao . Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Fruit Yield and Quality of Citrus grandis var. longanyou[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020 , 36(10) : 60 -68 . DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18210062
表1 不同施肥处理下龙安柚果实外观品质 |
处理 | 冠层 | 单果重/kg | 纵径/cm | 横径/cm | 果形指数 | 果皮厚/cm | 可食率/% | 出汁率/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 上层 | 0.93±0.08d | 15.47±0.06a | 13.88±0.56c | 1.12±0.04a | 1.71±0.01de | 45.05±4.95ab | 36.78±4.04abc |
下层 | 0.64±0.07e | 11.47±0.67b | 11.40±0.61d | 1.01±0.00a | 1.70±0.04e | 39.95±11.46b | 31.17±8.94c | |
T1 | 上层 | 1.40±0.04bc | 16.22±0.66a | 14.96±0.20bc | 1.08±0.06a | 1.65±0.05f | 45.48±1.13ab | 34.58±0.86abc |
下层 | 1.31±0.13cd | 15.64±0.83a | 14.74±0.66bc | 1.06±0.04a | 1.84±0.03bc | 50.48±5.06a | 41.30±4.14a | |
T2 | 上层 | 2.01±0.10ab | 16.87±0.99a | 15.62±0.49ab | 1.08±0.07a | 1.67±0.02ef | 47.54±1.53ab | 35.34±1.14abc |
下层 | 1.71±0.14bc | 16.00±1.42a | 14.76±1.08bc | 1.09±0.13a | 1.59±0.01g | 47.95±0.03ab | 33.84±0.02bc | |
T3 | 上层 | 1.37±0.14bc | 16.81±1.60a | 15.16±0.83ab | 1.11±0.05a | 1.89±0.01ab | 47.46±5.57ab | 40.29±4.73ab |
下层 | 1.39±0.04bc | 15.97±1.27a | 15.50±0.55ab | 1.03±0.11a | 1.76±0.01d | 45.83±2.14ab | 37.56±1.76abc | |
T4 | 上层 | 1.71±0.09a | 17.11±0.99a | 16.26±0.52a | 1.05±0.05a | 1.82±0.01c | 50.08±1.48a | 38.16±1.13abc |
下层 | 1.48±0.03bc | 15.78±0.27a | 15.90±0.39ab | 0.99±0.04a | 1.92±0.04a | 48.13±0.24ab | 36.53±0.18abc |
注:表中同一列中不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著(P<0.05),下同。 |
表2 不同施肥处理下龙安柚果皮色泽差异 |
处理 | 冠层 | a* | b* | a*/b* | L* | C* | h | CCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 上层 | -3.87±0.99a | 52.26±3.27a | -0.08±0.02a | 70.52±1.42a | 52.44±3.22a | 94.36±1.30c | -1.06±0.33a |
下层 | -4.21±2.91a | 49.67±3.17ab | -0.09±0.06a | 68.26±0.87a | 50.02±2.92a | 95.11±3.63c | -1.28±0.95a | |
T1 | 上层 | -10.01±1.71bc | 42.06±1.81cd | -0.24±0.05bc | 58.57±1.82bc | 43.54±1.64cd | 103.42±2.91a | -4.10±0.97bcd |
下层 | -10.05±1.68bc | 42.53±1.67cd | -0.24±0.05bc | 60.53±1.51b | 43.83±1.26cd | 103.54±2.63ab | -3.94±0.87bcd | |
T2 | 上层 | -10.54±0.91bc | 41.40±2.94cd | -0.26±0.04c | 56.86±1.02c | 42.80±2.67cd | 104.51±2.00a | -4.51±0.72cd |
下层 | -10.11±0.99bc | 41.28±2.86cd | -0.25±0.04bc | 57.70±1.43c | 42.65±2.71cd | 104.10±1.87ab | -4.28±0.73cd | |
T3 | 上层 | -7.86±0.54b | 45.73±1.69bc | -0.17±0.02b | 61.04±0.84b | 46.51±1.65bc | 99.95±0.91b | -2.83±0.33b |
下层 | -8.47±2.07bc | 41.45±0.94cd | -0.2±0.05bc | 59.07±2.03bc | 42.48±0.62cd | 101.76±2.79ab | -3.47±0.92bc | |
T4 | 上层 | -11.21±0.58c | 39.91±1.59d | -0.28±0.02c | 56.89±0.11c | 41.49±1.49d | 105.71±1.07a | -4.94±0.37d |
下层 | -10.21±1.47bc | 39.83±2.30d | -0.26±0.05c | 57.41±1.66c | 41.22±1.92d | 104.62±2.73a | -4.52±0.98cd |
注:a*是红色指标,b*是黄色指标,L*表示果皮色泽亮度,C*表示色泽饱和度,h为色调角,CCI是色差综合指标。a*和b*的值域都是+127~-128,其中+127 a为洋红色,渐渐过渡到-128 a时就变成绿色;同样原理,+127 b是黄色,-128 b是蓝色。a*/b*值表示果实外观颜色,正值、负值和0分别表示果面为橙(红)色、黄色和绿色。CCI正值代表红黄程度,负值代表蓝绿程度。下同。 |
表3 不同施肥处理下龙安柚果肉色泽差异 |
处理 | 冠层 | a* | b* | a*/b* | L* | C* | h | CCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 上层 | -1.67±1.19cd | 9.04±0.83b | -0.19±0.14c | 46.55±2.11ab | 9.26±0.66b | 100.83±7.83a | -4.09±2.92cd |
下层 | -2.86±0.82d | 8.69±0.67b | -0.33±0.08c | 50.60±5.14a | 9.16±0.84b | 108.02±3.98a | -6.41±1.05d | |
T1 | 上层 | 0.71±1.08bc | 9.16±0.59b | 0.07±0.11b | 42.46±1.87bc | 9.24±0.67b | 85.79±6.34b | 1.74±2.59bc |
下层 | 1.22±0.80b | 9.52±1.09b | 0.13±0.08b | 45.01±0.20bc | 9.62±1.11b | 82.78±4.57b | 2.83±1.79b | |
T2 | 上层 | 4.82±1.35a | 9.59±1.49b | 0.51±0.17a | 40.27±3.28c | 10.80±1.40ab | 63.18±8.02c | 13.03±5.24a |
下层 | 2.53±2.44ab | 10.22±1.25ab | 0.23±0.21b | 45.02±1.76bc | 10.69±1.76ab | 77.46±11.38b | 5.23±4.88b | |
T3 | 上层 | 0.70±1.61bc | 9.66±1.77b | 0.05±0.18b | 45.37±2.75b | 9.79±1.79b | 87.24±10.01b | 0.90±4.06bc |
下层 | 1.50±1.34b | 9.09±1.12b | 0.16±0.15b | 42.56±2.95bc | 9.28±1.15b | 80.92±8.20b | 3.90±3.77b | |
T4 | 上层 | 3.51±3.54ab | 11.41±1.22a | 0.29±0.28ab | 46.33±3.97ab | 12.24±2.10a | 74.79±14.86bc | 6.62±6.66b |
下层 | 3.07±1.23ab | 11.52±0.71a | 0.26±0.09b | 46.14±3.74ab | 11.96±0.98a | 75.35±4.88bc | 5.84±2.47b |
表4 龙安柚果实内在品质 |
处理 | 冠层 | 可溶性固形物/% | 可滴定酸/% | 还原糖/% | 转化糖/% | 蔗糖/% | 总糖/% | 固酸比 | 糖酸比 | Vc/(mg/100 g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 上层 | 10.80±0.10def | 0.85±0.18a | 3.97±0.00d | 7.80±0.07e | 3.64±0.06cd | 7.61±0.06f | 13.16±1.53c | 9.27±0.49e | 44.64±1.55def |
下层 | 10.40±0.20f | 0.85±0.18a | 3.81±0.03d | 6.76±0.42f | 2.80±0.37e | 6.61±0.40g | 12.71±0.14c | 8.13±0.31f | 44.23±1.45def | |
T1 | 上层 | 10.53±0.52ef | 0.84±0.00a | 4.94±0.06c | 8.80±0.84cd | 3.66±0.75cd | 8.61±0.8cde | 12.50±0.40c | 10.21±0.95de | 47.86±2.67abc |
下层 | 10.39±0.27f | 0.86±0.29a | 5.00±0.06c | 9.20±0.25cd | 3.98±0.18c | 8.99±0.24bcde | 13.03±0.76c | 11.29±0.53cd | 43.40±1.16ef | |
T2 | 上层 | 12.47±0.12b | 0.80±0.00a | 5.87±0.24b | 10.99±0.15a | 4.86±0.08b | 10.73±0.16a | 15.64±0.15ab | 13.47±0.20a | 50.16±1.50a |
下层 | 11.77±0.12c | 0.77±0.13a | 4.00±0.24d | 10.03±0.07b | 5.73±0.17a | 9.73±0.08b | 15.64±0.49ab | 12.92±0.55ab | 46.93±1.38bcd | |
T3 | 上层 | 13.07±0.21a | 0.81±0.16a | 6.93±0.19a | 8.44±0.49de | 1.43±0.28f | 8.36±0.47e | 16.51±0.25a | 10.66±0.40d | 49.68±2.46ab |
下层 | 13.07±0.37a | 0.81±0.12a | 5.52±0.04b | 8.68±0.12d | 3.01±0.15de | 8.52±0.11de | 16.51±0.40a | 10.75±0.94d | 46.02±0.00cde | |
T4 | 上层 | 11.17±0.33d | 0.77±0.09a | 5.08±0.61c | 9.52±0.13bc | 4.21±0.45c | 9.30±0.16bc | 14.72±0.62b | 12.27±0.13bc | 48.34±1.29abc |
下层 | 11.10±0.60de | 0.87±0.12a | 4.00±0.17d | 9.48±0.76bc | 5.20±0.56ab | 9.20±0.73bcd | 12.85±0.46c | 10.78±0.91d | 42.48±1.31f |
表5 果皮色泽与内在品质的相关性分析 |
可溶性固形物 | 可滴定酸 | 还原糖 | 转化糖 | 蔗糖 | 总糖 | 固酸比 | 糖酸比 | Vc含量 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | -0.320 | 0.135 | -0.364* | -0.772** | -0.421* | -0.778** | -0.209 | -0.495** | -0.321 |
C* | -0.221 | 0.179 | -0.203 | -0.643** | -0.427* | -0.644** | -0.205 | -0.445* | -0.150 |
h | 0.147 | -0.157 | 0.223 | 0.693** | 0.456* | 0.693** | 0.166 | 0.477** | 0.201 |
a* | -0.154 | 0.171 | -0.271 | -0.694** | -0.422* | -0.697** | -0.184 | -0.490** | -0.245 |
b* | -0.202 | 0.174 | -0.202 | -0.655** | -0.438* | -0.655** | -0.192 | -0.450* | -0.163 |
CCI | -0.137 | 0.131 | -0.212 | -0.706** | -0.476** | -0.706** | -0.133 | -0.461* | -0.213 |
a*/b* | -0.131 | 0.143 | -0.217 | -0.689** | -0.457* | -0.689** | -0.145 | -0.463** | -0.204 |
注:*显著相关(P<0.05),**极显著相关(P<0.01),下同。 |
表6 果肉色泽与内在品质的相关性分析 |
可溶性固形物 | 可滴定酸 | 还原糖 | 转化糖 | 蔗糖 | 总糖 | 固酸比 | 糖酸比 | Vc含量 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | -0.345* | 0.149 | -0.395* | -0.530** | -0.178 | -0.540** | -0.256 | -0.380* | -0.321* |
C* | 0.026 | -0.102 | -0.062 | 0.404** | 0.409** | 0.396* | 0.054 | 0.296 | 0.043 |
h | -0.345* | 0.14 | -0.322* | -0.809** | -0.483** | -0.812** | -0.246 | -0.555** | -0.287 |
a* | 0.31 | -0.149 | 0.272 | 0.772** | 0.488** | 0.774** | 0.233 | 0.537** | 0.272 |
b* | -0.007 | -0.077 | -0.08 | 0.334* | 0.360* | 0.326* | 0.024 | 0.244 | -0.034 |
CCI | 0.340* | -0.136 | 0.316* | 0.796** | 0.477** | 0.800** | 0.239 | 0.543** | 0.309 |
a*/b* | 0.344* | -0.142 | 0.323* | 0.808** | 0.482** | 0.812** | 0.246 | 0.555** | 0.296 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。
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