Development of transient electromagnetic transmitter based on SiC MOSFET for high-resolution near-surface
Received date: 2024-04-25
Online published: 2025-03-13
Copyright
As an important component of Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) prospecting, the performance of a TEM transmitter almost determines the effectiveness of this prospecting method. In order to accurately prospect shallow and even very shallow layers using multi-turn small coils, this paper designs an improved TEM transmitter based on SiC MOSFET. SiC MOSFET is a third-generation semiconductor that offers significant improvements in voltage withstanding, current withstanding, heat dissipation, and response speed compared to widely used Si IGBT. The shut-off time, as a critical parameter of the transmitter, essentially determines the degree of coupling between the primary and secondary field signals. To prevent losing information in even very shallow and relatively shallow layers, the transmitter designed in this paper supports switching transmission between large and small currents. When prospecting in even very shallow or relatively shallow layers, a small current of 1.1 A can be selected, with a shut-off time of only 4 μs. When prospecting in shallow layers, a large current of 16.2 A can be selected, with a shut-off time of 35 μs. To provide transmitting current data use for post-processing, this paper designs a current acquisition system that supports dynamic sampling rate to collect the current waveform in the whole time. When the current waveform is in the rising or falling edge area, the acquisition system automatically selects a high sampling rate of 1.8 MSPS for sampling. When the current waveform is in the steady-state area, the acquisition system automatically selects the lowest sampling rate of 50 KSPS for sampling. Tests show that by sampling with dynamic sampling rate, the acquisition accuracy and data volume can be effectively balanced, thereby ensuring the stability of the storage system. In addition, the transmitter board has a small size of only 255 mm×192 mm, and supports 12 V battery power supply, so it has good portability and can improve field prospecting efficiency to a certain extent.
ShaoHeng CHUN , FeiFei WANG , RuJun CHEN , RuiJie SHEN , Xin PENG , Chao XU , Hao YIN . Development of transient electromagnetic transmitter based on SiC MOSFET for high-resolution near-surface[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2025 , 40(1) : 358 -371 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2025II0069
表1 国外瞬变电磁发射机部分性能指标Table 1 Some performance index of foreign TEM transmitter |
| 型号 | 发射频率/Hz | 最大发射电流/A | 关断时间/μs |
|---|---|---|---|
| NT-20(GDP-32II) | 0.015625~8192 | 20 | 1(20 m×20 m×4 A) |
| PROTEM47 | 25、62.5、237.5 | 3 | 2.5(40 m×40 m×3 A) |
| PROTEM57 | 2.5、6.25、25 | 25 | 20~150 |
| PROTEM67 | 0.25、0.625、2.5、25 | 28 | 20~750 |
| TerraTEM24 | 0.25~25 | 50 | 22(50 m×50 m×50 A) |
表2 国内瞬变电磁发射机部分性能指标表Table 2 Some performance index of domestic TEM transmitter |
| 型号 | 发射频率/Hz | 最大发射电流/A | 关断时间/μs |
|---|---|---|---|
| WDC-1 | 3.125~25 | 28 | — |
| IGGETEM 20 A | 2.5~62.5 | 20 | 300~1000 |
| MSD-1 | 0.25~225 | 20 | — |
| WTEM-3Q | 0.25~273.5 | 10 | 2.5 μs(40 m×40 m×3 A) |
| EMT1000(GPTEM) | 1.5625~25 | 40 | 1.5(300 m×300 m×4 A) |
| FCTEM40-2 | 0.390625~50 | 40 | <40 |
| CUGTEM-8 | 1.5625~75 | 200 | 0.5~300 |
| HPTEM-18 | 0.1~250 | 11.5 | — |
图5 碳化硅与硅性能对比图(赵阳,2019;盛况等,2020)Fig 5 Comparison of performance between SiC and Si (Zhao, 2019; Sheng et al., 2020) |
表3 SiC MOSFET选型表Table 3 SiC MOSFET selection |
| 型号 | C3M0045065K | C3M0060065K | C3M0120065K | SCT4045DR | SCT3060AR | SCT3080AR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 厂商 | Wolfspeed | Wolfspeed | Wolfspeed | ROHM | ROHM | ROHM |
| 封装 | TO-247-4L | TO-247-4L | TO-247-4L | TO-247-4L | TO-247-4L | TO-247-4L |
| 额定电压/V | 650 | 650 | 650 | 750 | 650 | 650 |
| 额定电流/A | 49 | 37 | 22 | 34 | 39 | 30 |
| 导通电阻/mΩ | 45 | 60 | 120 | 45 | 60 | 80 |
| 总栅极电荷/nC | 63 | 46 | 28 | 63 | 58 | 48 |
| 输出电容/pF | 101 | 80 | 45 | 69 | 55 | 39 |
| 总功耗/W | 176 | 150 | 98 | 115 | 165 | 134 |
表4 发射频率误差表Table 4 Transmission frequency error |
| 发射频率/Hz | 理论计算值/Hz | 实际测量值/Hz | 相对误差/10-6 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.25 | 6.25 | 6.250214 | 34.24 |
| 25 | 25 | 25.00086 | 34.40 |
| 62.5 | 62.5 | 62.50214 | 34.24 |
| 237.5 | 237.5071 | 237.5152 | 34.10 |
| 625 | 625 | 625.0213 | 34.08 |
感谢审稿专家提出的修改意见和编辑部的大力支持!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wang Y. 2010. Design and implementation of a multi-channel transient electro-magnetic exploration system[Master's thesis](in Chinese). Changchun: Jilin University.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zhao Y. 2019. Design of SiC based electric vehicle inverter [Master's thesis](in Chinese). Changsha: Hunan University, doi: 10.27135/d.cnki.ghudu.2019.003393.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
王远. 2010. 一种便携式多通道瞬变电磁探测系统的设计与实现[硕士学位论文]. 长春: 吉林大学.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
赵阳. 2019. 电动汽车碳化硅逆变器设计[硕士学位论文]. 长沙: 湖南大学, doi: 10.27135/d.cnki.ghudu.2019.003393.
|
|
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |