Construction design and potential analysis of enhanced geothermal system in the Guide Basin based on multi-objective optimization
Received date: 2024-04-28
Online published: 2025-03-13
Copyright
The Guide Basin, as a vital target area for the development of Hot-Dry Rock (HDR) in China, necessitates an assessment of its exploitation potential and an investigation into the feasibility of constructing Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Therefore, this study focuses on the HDR geothermal development in the Guide Basin. Firstly, the location of objective reservoir is determined and the geometry of EGS is designed. After that, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model for HDR development is established. The heat extraction performance of water-based EGS and carbon dioxide-based EGS under different injection rate, injection temperature and well spacing is compared, and the most suitable working fluid for EGS in the Guide Basin is determined through comprehensive analysis. Subsequently, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III is used to conduct a multi-objective optimization for the EGS engineering parameters (injection flow rate, injection temperature, and well spacing) in the Guide Basin and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to sort the individuals in the Pareto fronts. Then the optimal parameter combination recommendation is given and provide a guidance for the EGS construction. Finally, based on the optimal parameter combination, the development potential, economic and environmental benefits of geothermal resources in the Guide Basin are evaluated. The research results indicate: (1) Carbon dioxide is more suitable as the working fluid for EGS in the Guide Basin due to its more stability production and lower consumption; (2) The optimal combination of engineering parameters for EGS in the Guide Basin is 59.48 kg/s, 20.26 ℃, and 379.95 m; (3) The EGS in the Guide Basin can operate stably for 50 years with an average electric power of 2.28 MW and a production temperature over 168 ℃, yielding a total electricity output of 1014 GWh. The levelized cost of energy is only 0.052 $/kWh, with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions ranging from 0.34 to 1.18 Mt during this process.
BoWen HU , JiaJie YANG , ZhiWei YE , PeiBo LI , Wei LIANG , Rui SUN , Qi LIU . Construction design and potential analysis of enhanced geothermal system in the Guide Basin based on multi-objective optimization[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2025 , 40(1) : 80 -93 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2025II0105
图1 (a) 贵德盆地地热概念模型;(b) ZR2井4000~4600 m深度范围内测井温度(周玲,2020)Fig 1 (a) Conceptual model of geothermal in the Guide Basin; (b) The logging temperature in the depths of 4000~4600 m in ZR2 well (Zhou, 2020) |
图2 贵德盆地EGS几何结构(a)三维结构示意图;(b)二维SRV示意图. Fig 2 Geometry of EGS in the Guide Basin (a) Three-dimensional structure diagram; (b) Two-dimensional SRV diagram. |
表1 增渗改造后储层岩石参数Table 1 Rock parameters of reservoir after stimulation |
| HDR | 轻微压裂区 | 中等压裂区 | 剧烈压裂区 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 岩石密度/(kg/m3) | 2846 | 2760 | 2680 | 2590 |
| 孔隙度 | 0.0139 | 0.0284 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
| 渗透率/m2 | 3.4×10-16 | 4.1×10-15 | 3.7×10-14 | 1×10-12 |
| 热容/(J/(kg·K)) | 800 | 750 | 700 | 650 |
| 导热系数/(W/(m·K)) | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
图3 二维无限圆盘几何结构及初边界条件Fig 3 Geometry and initial and boundary conditions of the two-dimensional infinite disk |
图4 热-流-固耦合模型验证(Yang et al., 2024)Fig 4 Model validation of the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model (Yang et al., 2024) |
表2 由实验设计得出的20组参数组合Table 2 The 20 runs of parameter combination by experimental design |
| Number | qin/(kg/s) | Tin/℃ | Lsp/m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45 | 50 | 450 |
| 2 | 45 | 50 | 450 |
| 3 | 45 | 50 | 450 |
| 4 | 30 | 40 | 300 |
| 5 | 60 | 20 | 450 |
| 6 | 40 | 80 | 300 |
| 7 | 30 | 80 | 450 |
| 8 | 60 | 60 | 300 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 | 450 |
| 10 | 60 | 60 | 300 |
| 11 | 30 | 80 | 600 |
| 12 | 45 | 50 | 450 |
| 13 | 45 | 50 | 450 |
| 14 | 45 | 20 | 300 |
| 15 | 30 | 20 | 600 |
| 16 | 30 | 50 | 600 |
| 17 | 60 | 50 | 600 |
| 18 | 45 | 80 | 600 |
| 19 | 50 | 20 | 600 |
| 20 | 60 | 80 | 500 |
表3 四个响应面模型的拟合统计数据Table 3 The fit statistics of four response surface models |
| ln(Tpro) | IR | lg(Cav) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 决定系数R2 | 0.9984 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 | 0.9998 |
| 调整系数Radj2 | 0.9970 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9997 |
| 预测系数Rpre2 | 0.9879 | 0.9986 | 0.9988 | 0.9986 |
| F值 | 694.86 | 5968.93 | 46128.46 | 7201.56 |
| p值 | 8.22×10-13 | 1.91×10-17 | 6.93×10-22 | 7.46×10-18 |
图8 贵德盆地EGS参数优化Pareto前沿Fig 8 The Pareto fronts of EGS parameter optimization in the Guide Basin |
表4 Pareto前沿中前10个最优方案Table 4 The 10 optimal schemes in the Pareto fronts |
| Rank | qin/(kg/s) | Tin/℃ | Lsp/m | Tpro/℃ | IR/(MPa/(kg/s)) | We/MW | Cav/($/kWh) | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 59.48 | 20.26 | 379.95 | 168.1 | 0.0033 | 2.28 | 0.053 | 0.909 |
| 2 | 59.32 | 20.28 | 379.71 | 168.2 | 0.0033 | 2.27 | 0.053 | 0.908 |
| 3 | 59.16 | 20.26 | 388.08 | 169.8 | 0.0037 | 2.27 | 0.053 | 0.906 |
| 4 | 59.68 | 20.03 | 399.60 | 171.4 | 0.0043 | 2.30 | 0.053 | 0.905 |
| 5 | 59.48 | 20.15 | 397.99 | 171.3 | 0.0042 | 2.29 | 0.053 | 0.905 |
| 6 | 59.48 | 20.36 | 397.99 | 171.3 | 0.0042 | 2.28 | 0.053 | 0.904 |
| 7 | 59.05 | 20.28 | 360.14 | 164.8 | 0.0025 | 2.25 | 0.053 | 0.902 |
| 8 | 58.89 | 20.28 | 360.14 | 165.0 | 0.0025 | 2.24 | 0.054 | 0.901 |
| 9 | 59.56 | 20.12 | 406.14 | 172.6 | 0.0047 | 2.30 | 0.053 | 0.900 |
| 10 | 59.56 | 20.38 | 406.28 | 172.6 | 0.0047 | 2.29 | 0.053 | 0.898 |
本文的优化算法代码由Yarpiz平台和Mostapha博士提供的开源程序改进而来(
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