Received date: 2024-05-25
Online published: 2025-05-09
Copyright
As a significant occurrence of geothermal resources, the energy stored in subsurface hot dry rock reservoirs can be extracted via Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Highly efficient exploration for deep hot dry rock would assist the achievement of energy transition and dual carbon goals. Some benefits of seismic prospecting include high resolution, super deep exploration and controllable deployment, which means this technique cannot be replaced in meticulous depiction of reservoirs and identification of natural fractures zone. So as to investigate the updated progress in seismic exploration for hot dry rock and provide certain valuable references, we have classified the application of active source seismic methods in terms of different strategies. Data processing, interpretation and inversion techniques are utilized in accurate imaging of structures, estimation of rock physical parameters, and dynamic monitoring of EGS exploitation. Besides, we verified that integrated seismic and other geophysical exploration can promote the exactitude in determination of well location and receivers' layout. The summarized concepts in this paper may be useful for researchers to acquire the information of seismic methods for hot dry rock prospecting effectively.
Ming MA , Feng MA . Overview of seismic exploration for hot dry rock reservoirs[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2025 , 40(2) : 460 -471 . DOI: 10.6038/pg2025II0048
图2 干热岩探区内高密度采集不同面元参数对视分辨率的影响(a)面元为20 m;(b)面元为10 m (Wang et al., 2023). Fig 2 The influence of high-density acquisition of different bin sizes on visual resolution in hot dry rock exploration area (a) The bin size is 20 m; (b) The bin size is 10 m (Wang et al., 2023). |
图3 不同地震偏移成像方法在干热岩储层地震数据中的应用(a)叠后时间偏移剖面;(b)偏移速度模型;(c)叠后深度偏移剖面;(d)叠前深度偏移剖面(Zheng and Wang, 2023). Fig 3 Different migration approaches applied on the 2D seismic survey (a) The result of conventional poststack time migration; (b) Velocity model at the geothermal site built by the logging data; (c) The result of poststack depth migration; (d) The result of prestack depth migration (Zheng and Wang, 2023). |
图4 三维地震数据体自动层位追踪、断层识别、属性分析技术在干热岩储层探测中的应用(a)三维数据体断裂系统解释结果;(b)剖面目的层层位追踪结果;(c)剖面断层识别结果;(d)花岗岩热储上部深度域振幅切片;(e)深度域相关系数属性;(f)深度域瞬时相位属性(Salaun et al., 2020, 2021). Fig 4 Application of seismic interpretation techniques structural modeling, fault description, and attribute analysis in hot dry rock reservoir exploration (a) 3D model containing wells, horizons and fault planes; (b) Seismic cross section and interpred horizon; (c) Fault picking; (d) Depth seismic amplitude slice; (e) Coherency map; (f) Instantaneous phase attribute (Salaun et al., 2020, 2021). |
图5 澳大利亚Cooper盆地花岗岩上部地震高分辨率曲率属性指示裂缝发育带(Khair et al., 2015)Fig 5 Positive curvature attribute displayed on top of the basement horizon showing the faulted and highly curved locations network in the Cooper Basin of Australia (Khair et al., 2015) |
图6 S1、X1目的层双程走时分布(a, b)及对应层位计算得到的各向异性参数ε(c, d),同时估算得到区域内裂缝分布情况(Asrillah et al., 2024)Fig 6 Analysis of horizon S1 and of the horizon X1 showing the colourcoded two-way travel time (a, b) and the magnitude of anisotropy ε and inferred fracture orientation (c, d) (Asrillah et al., 2024) |
图7 叠前地震数据反演得到的纵波阻抗(a),纵横波速度比Vp/Vs(b),利用峰值频率估计得到的Q模型(c),通过速度及衰减参数计算得到的温度分布(d)及压力分布(e).利用反演参数计算得到的岩石孔隙度(f)(Wei et al., 2021)Fig 7 Inverted (a) P-wave impedance and (b) Vp/Vs ratio profiles of the survey line crossing three wells with prestack seismic data. (c) seismic attenuation, (d) temperature, (e) differential pressure, and (f) porosity profiles of the survey line crossing three wells based on the built rock physics model (Wei et al., 2021) |
图8 共和盆地不同井位干热岩储层岩心实验室测量地震波速度与温度的变化关系(a)沟后区域岩心测量曲线;(b)井-2区域测量结果;(c)井-5区域测量结果;(d)井-7区域测量结果(Peng et al., 2023). Fig 8 Longitudinal and transverse wave velocity measurements from 20 ℃ to 220 ℃ on four granite outcrop rock samples from the Gonghe Basin (a) Core measurement curves in the Gouhou area; (b) Measurement results of 2-wel area; (c) Measurement results of 5-wel area; (d) Measurement results of 7-wel area (Peng et al., 2023). |
图9 过井地震剖面叠前反演结果与三维温度分布估计结果(a)横波速度反演结果;(b)密度反演结果;(c)三维地震数据体温度估计结果(Peng et al., 2023). Fig 9 Prestack inversion results and 3D temperature distribution estimation results of cross well seismic profiles (a) Transverse wave velocity inversion results; (b) Density inversion results; (c) Temperature estimation results of 3D seismic data (Peng et al., 2023). |
感谢审稿专家提出的修改意见和编辑部的大力支持!
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